Contact Us











May 1995 Why Clean Agents?
Presented by the Fire Suppression Systems Association
Executive Summary

The focus of fire protection has always been to limit the damage a fire can cause. Originally, the goal was to confine fire to a city block. Today's conventional water systems can confine a fire to a building, a floor and even to the point of containing a fire within a single room. Water was, and still is, the primary tool to control structural fires.

However, with today's technical sophistication, containing a fire to a single area is not always enough. Critical facilities require an even higher level of fire protection. The Fire Suppression Systems Association (FSSA) is an organization of manufacturers, suppliers, and designer-installers, dedicated to providing a higher level of fire protection. FSSA members are specialists in protecting high value special hazard areas from fire.

A small fire, even one contained to a one area or controlled by a conventional sprinkler system can cause problems in a critical operation. Most sprinkler systems activate when temperatures reach a pre-set level, often after a fire is established and equipment damage may have begun. Water based agents are electrically conductive and cause current flow which can damage sensitive equipment. Even with the power off, water discharges often cause equipment problems. Abrupt electrical shutdowns are hard on both equipment and operations; and the cleanup process, mopping up and drying out equipment, is often tedious.

The 1992 National Fire Protection Association Standard 75 on Electronic Computer/Data Processing Equipment offers the following guidance on minimizing water damage caused by the discharge of a sprinkler system:



When you need a Better Protection

Telecommunications Facilities

Data Processing Equipment Spaces

Control Rooms

Computer Rooms

Record / Archive Storage

Museums

Medical Equipment Rooms

Marine Shipboard Systems

Automotive

Petroleum

Transportation

Switch Gear Rooms

Battery Rooms

High Density/High Value Areas

Delicate Electrical Equipment

Industrial Control Rooms

Flammable Liquid Storage

 

 

 

 

 

 
  1. Open Cabinet doors, remove side panels and covers, and pull out chassis drawers to allow water to run out of equipment.
  2. Set up fans to move room temperature air through the equipment for general drying. Move portable equipment to dry air conditioned areas.
  3. Use compressed air at no higher than 50 psi to blow out trapped water.
  4. Use hand held dryers on lowest setting to dry connectors, backplane wirewraps, and printed circuit cards. (Caution: Keep the dryer well away from components and wires.Overheating of electrical components can cause permanent damage.)
  5. Use cotton tipped swabs for hard to reach places. Lightly dab the surfaces to remove residual moisture. Do not use cotton tipped swabs on wirewrap terminals.
  6. Water displacement aerosol sprays containing Freon-alcohol mixtures are effective in first step drying of critical components.

Follow up with professional restoration as soon as possible.

Even with this extensive recovery process there is no guarantee the unit will ever properly function.

Other specialized extinguishing agents, such as foam and dry chemical powders, extinguish most fires but may have a long lasting effect on equipment. They can even damage equipment not affected by the fire. While very effective fire fighting agents in the right applications, these agents are not normally used to protect sensitive hazards in normally occupied areas.

Fortunately there are fire protection tools that do protect highly valuable and sensitive areas; Clean Agent Fire Suppression Systems. Clean agent systems not only protect an enclosure from fire, they protect the contents as well! Including people, documents, and equipment. Clean agent systems work on class A, B, and C fires and react quickly to extinguish a fire at its earliest stages. Using early detection and rapid extinguishment, clean agent systems eliminate the fire, reduce the damage to equipment, and increase the safety of people in the fire area .

Clean agents extinguish fires as a gas, which gives them the ability to permeate into cabinets and obstructed areas. It also makes them uniquely suited to protect the electronics hidden inside a piece of equipment, a likely place for a fire to start. By thoroughly flooding the area with a gaseous fire fighting agent, even obscured or hard to reach fires are quickly extinguished, usually long before they can be seen. After extinguishment, the agent is readily ventilated from the room along with any byproducts of the fire. Unlike water, these fire fighting agents are non-conductive and non-corrosive, making them safe to use on and around live electrical equipment. There is no residue to cleanup, no lingering materials to slowly degrade equipment, and no need for an expensive "Disaster Recovery" process. Operations are brought back online and productive in a very short time.

Most agents are also safe to use in occupied areas. These agents have undergone extensive toxicity testing to prove they are compatible with people. While NFPA recommends always exiting the hazard in the event of a fire, it is important that people not be harmed by the extinguishing system. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in the Significant New Applications Policy (SNAP), provides toxicity guidance for the use of new clean extinguishing agents through the use of LOAEL (Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level) and NOAEL (No Observable Adverse Effect Level) values. Occupied hazard areas can be safely protected by agents up to an agent's LOAEL concentration, provided the area can be exited in one minute. For longer exposures, agent concentration should remain below the NOAEL level. The physical benefits of a clean extinguishing agent are many, but a greater value is what these fire-fighting agents can do for your business. In today's highly competitive global economy, any interruption or loss of service can be disastrous. Our increased reliance on sophisticated electronics, telecommunications and other valuable equipment, requires protecting those assets as effectively as possible. Clean agent systems are the best way to keep critical operations running.

Historically, fires have had a significant negative impact on business. Industry studies show that 43 percent of business closed by a significant fire never reopen, and another 29 percent fail within three years. A strong testament to the value of good, effective, fire protection. The immediate effect is lost assets. Most people view assets in terms of tangible items: equipment, computers, supplies, and product inventory. The dollar value of these items can range into the millions. In some circumstances the value is immeasurable. Consider the effect of a fire in a museum, a one-of-a-kind piece of equipment, a library, or a record storage vault. The lost items are irreplaceable at any cost. For these hazards, fire damage and the collateral damage that can occur with some protection methods is simply unacceptable.

Saving valuables from fire makes good sense. But destruction of tangible assets is only one problem. A study by the Network Reliability Council, an organization established by the Federal Communications Commission, found advances in technology have created a higher level of risk exposure. It is no surprise that businesses are doing more today, with much less equipment and staff. The repercussions of a fire, even a small one, have a greater impact today than the same size fire of 10, or even five, years ago.

 

Clean agent extinguishing systems are not new. For many years, fire protection experts have called upon Halon 1301 and Carbon Dioxide to protect essential property from fire. Halon has been a reliable, effective, and safe fire protection tool for protecting people and valuable facilities. However, due to concern over potential ozone depletion, the manufacture of Halon has been prohibited in most countries after December 31, 1993. But the need for a clean, effective, safe, and environmentally acceptable agent remains.

Fortunately there are several excellent clean agents available to continue protecting critical hazards. Fire Suppression Systems Association members have been the key to developing, testing, and engineering clean agent suppression systems. In addition to the industrial workhorse, Carbon Dioxide, four new clean agents have been introduced by our manufacturing members; CEA-410, FE-13, FM-200 , and INERGEN . These agents are often referenced by their ASHRAE designation.

Trade Name:

Carbon Dioxide ASHRAE

Name: N/A Agent Manufacturer:
Several Systems Manufacturer: Ansul Fire Protection, Figgie Fire Protection Systems, Fike Protection Systems, Kidde-Fenwal, Inc.

Trade Name: CEA-410 ASHRAE
Name: FC-3-1-10 Agent Manufacturer: 3M Systems Manufacturer: Pem Systems, Inc.

Trade Name: FE 13 ASHRAE Name: HFC-23
Agent Manufacturer: DuPont Company Systems Manufacturer: Kidde-Fenwal, Inc.

Trade Name: FM-200 ASHRAE
Name: HFC-227ea
Agent Manufacturer: Great Lakes Chemical Systems Manufacturer: Cerberus-Pyrotronics, Figgie Fire Protection Systems, Fike Protection Systems, Kidde-Fenwal, Inc.

Trade Name: INERGEN ASHRAE
Name: IG-541
Agent Manufacturer: Ansul Fire Protection
Systems Manufacturer: Fire Protection

In today's world of increasing global competition, simple fire protection may not be enough. Equipment downtime and loss of records, archival storage, and ultimately ongoing operations could have a severe effect on your operation and possibly that of your customers. Through the efforts of organizations like the Fire Suppression Systems Association, the world has come to rely on clean agents to protect people, equipment, and their operations. Contact your local FSSA representative to help tailor a protection plan to meet your needs.

 

For additional information, please see your local FSSA member company, or contact FSSA directly at:

Fire Suppression Systems Association 5024-R Campbell Blvd Baltimore, MD 21236-5974 v: (410) 931-8100 f: (410) 931-8111

or maintenance.